• Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits, while prebiotics are dietary fibers that serve as food for these microorganisms.
• A healthy and diverse microbiome, supported by probiotics and prebiotics, is linked to reduced risk of various diseases, but research suggests probiotic supplements may not always improve microbiome diversity.
• A balanced diet rich in fermented foods and diverse plant-based fibers is recommended for maintaining a healthy microbiome, rather than relying solely on supplements.

The article addresses the common confusion surrounding probiotics and prebiotics, defining each and explaining their distinct roles in maintaining a healthy gut microbiome. Probiotics are live microorganisms, while prebiotics are dietary fibers that nourish these microorganisms. The balance and diversity of the microbiome are crucial for overall health, influencing the risk of diseases. The article emphasizes obtaining these nutrients through diet.

• What: Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit. Prebiotics are dietary fibers that serve as food for probiotics, promoting their growth and activity in the gut.
• Who: Evangeline Mantzioris, Program Director of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Accredited Practising Dietitian, University of South Australia. UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization, and the World Health Organization define probiotics.
• When: Article published in 2024. Mentions ongoing research and reviews of clinical trials.
• Where: Focuses on the gut microbiome and its impact on overall health, with recommendations applicable globally.

The article provides a balanced perspective on the roles of probiotics and prebiotics in gut health. While emphasizing the importance of a diverse microbiome, it also points out that the effectiveness of probiotic supplements in improving microbiome diversity is not conclusively proven by research. The recommendation to obtain these nutrients through a balanced diet is practical and aligns with established dietary guidelines. The discussion of dysbiosis and its associated health problems provides context for the importance of maintaining a healthy microbiome.

Maintaining a healthy and diverse microbiome is crucial for overall well-being. While probiotic and prebiotic supplements are widely marketed, the current evidence suggests that a balanced diet rich in fermented foods and diverse plant-based fibers is the most effective approach. Further research is needed to fully understand the impact of supplements on microbiome diversity and health outcomes.